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Trials and Penal Sanctions by Non-State Armed Groups

Trials and Penal Sanctions by Non-State Armed Groups

Trials and Penal Sanctions by Non-State Armed Groups

Between Rough Justice and Rebel Rule of Law
Author:
Hannes Jöbstl, Council of Europe
Published:
November 2025
Availability:
Not yet published - available from November 2025
Format:
Hardback
ISBN:
9781009621540

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$140.00
USD
Hardback

    During armed conflict, non-State armed groups frequently establish their own judicial systems to resolve disputes, impose penal sanctions and implement social control. Examples such Hamas in Gaza, Rojava in Syria, or the 'People's Republics' in Eastern Ukraine demonstrate that this aspect of 'rebel governance' has become increasingly common. How can or should international law regulate the establishment of courts, conduct of trials and passing of penal sanctions by insurgent movements that challenge the judicial monopoly of states? Based on an in-depth doctrinal analysis, this study demonstrates that the administration of criminal justice by insurgents is not inherently illegal or illegitimate, and explains how to measure the conduct of armed groups against clear legal standards. Drawing on a broad range of real-world examples, this study makes a vital contribution to the law applicable in armed conflict.

    • Challenges the prevailing attitude towards the administration of justice by non-State actors
    • Clearly sets out the legal standards and judicial guarantees expected from armed groups
    • Provides guidance forinternational organizations, courts, monitoring bodies and researchers dealing with non-State actors

    Product details

    November 2025
    Hardback
    9781009621540
    282 pages
    229 × 152 mm
    Not yet published - available from November 2025

    Table of Contents

    • 1. Armed group trials and the judicial monopoly of the state
    • 2. The international legal framework regulating non-state armed groups
    • 3. The legal capacity of armed groups to establish courts and conduct penal proceedings
    • 4. Judicial guarantees and elements of fair trials
    • 5. Individual criminal responsibility for the denial of fair trial rights
    • 6. Military discipline and accountability within armed groups
    • 7. Overall conclusions
    • Bibliography
    • Index.
      Author
    • Hannes Jöbstl , Council of Europe

      Hannes Jöbstl is a Legal Advisor at the Council of Europe where works on the establishment of a Claims Commission for Ukraine. He previously worked at the International Court of Justice and holds law degrees from the University of Oxford, University College London and the University of Graz.