Compound Semiconductors
Thin-Film Photovoltaics, LEDs, and Smart Energy Controls

Editors

Mowafak Al-Jassim, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

Clemens Heske, University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Tingkai Li, Gongchuang Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.

Michael Mastro, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory

Cewen Nan, Tsinghua University, Beijing

Shigeru Niki, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

William Shafarman, University of Delaware

Susanne Siebentritt, Université du Luxembourg

Qi Wang, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

Contributors

Dominik M. Berg, Christopher P. Thompson, William N. Shafarman, M. Edoff, P. M. P. Salomé, A. Hultqvist, V. Fjällström, Kihwan Kim, Jaesung Han, Tsuyoshi Maeda, Takahiro Wada, Shirou Kawakita, Mitsuru Imaizumi, Shogo Ishizuka, Hajime Shibata, Shigeru Niki, Shuichi Okuda, Hiroaki Kusawake, Thomas Lepetit, Ludovic Arzel, Nicolas Barreau, Thibaud Hildebrandt, Nicolas Loones, Nathanaelle Schneider, Muriel Bouttemy, Jackie Vigneron, Arnaud Etcheberry, Daniel Lincot, Negar Naghavi, Sreejith Karthikeyan, Kushagra Nagaich, Arthur E. Hill, Richard D. Pilkington, Stephen A. Campbell, Neelkanth G. Dhere, Ashwani Kaul, Helio Moutinho, Yukiko Kamikawa, Hironori Komaki, Shigenori Furue, Akimasa Yamada, Koji Matsubara, Jes K. Larsen, Peipei Xin, Douglas M. Bishop, Brian E. McCandless, Thomas C. Mangan, Kevin Dobson, Robert Birkmire, Phillip J. Dale, Monika Arasimowicz, Diego Colombara, Alexandre Crossay, Erika Robert, Aidan A. Taylor, D. O. Dumcenco, Y. P. Wang, S. Levcenco, K. K. Tiong, Y. S. Huang, Giovanni Altamura, Charles Roger, Louis Grenet, Joël Bleuse, Hélène Fournier, Simon Perraud, Henri Mariette, Xianzhong Lin, Jaison Kavalakkatt, Martha Ch. Lux-Steiner, Ahmed Ennaoui, Sandip Das, Kelvin J. Zavalla, M. A. Mannan, Krishna C. Mandal, Maxime Thevenin, U. Rau, T. C. M. Müller, T. M. H. Tran, B. E. Pieters, A. Gerber, N. Naghavi, T. Hildebrandt, G. Renou, S. Temgoua, J. F. Guillemoles, D. Lincot, Tingkai Li, Rebecca Jones-Albertus, Emily Becker, Robert Bergner, Taner Bilir, Daniel Derkacs, Onur Fidaner, David Jory, Ting Liu, Ewelina Lucow, Pranob Misra, Evan Pickett, Ferran Suarez, Arsen Sukiasyan, Ted Sun, Lan Zhang, Vijit Sabnis, Mike Wiemer, Homan Yuen, Kikuo Makita, Hidenori Mizuno, Takeyoshi Sugaya, Ryuji Oshima, Hamed Simchi, T. Meng, Jonathan H. Boyle, Feng Gao, Patrick J. M. Isherwood, Biancamaria Maniscalco, Fabiana Lisco, Piotr M. Kaminski, Jake W. Bowers, John M. Walls, Hendrik Sträter, Rudolf Brüggemann, Sebastian Siol, Andreas Klein, Wolfram Jaegermann, Gottfried H. Bauer, Jan Flohre, Maurice Nuys, Christine Leidinger, Florian Köhler, Reinhard Carius, Matthias Schuster, Stefan A. Möckel, Rachmat Adhi Wibowo, Rainer Hock, Peter J. Wellmann, H.-P. Song, H. Makino, S. Kishimoto, T. Yamamoto, B. Marí-Soucase, P. Cembrero-Coca, M. Mollar, M. E. Calixto, Vincent Barrioz, Simon Hodgson, Peter Holliman, Arthur Connell, Giray Kartopu, Andrew J. Clayton, Stuart J. C. Irvine, Shafiul Monir, Matthew L. Davies, Anthony Vasko, Kristopher Wieland, Victor Karpov, Mukesh Kumar, Clas Persson, T. A. Gessert, R. Dhere, D. Kuciauskas, J. Moseley, H. Moutinho, M. J. Romero, M. Al-Jassim, E. Colegrove, R. Kodama, S. Sivananthan, Corneliu Rotaru, Sergiu Vatavu, Christoph Merschjann, Chris Ferekides, Vladimir Fedorov, Tobias Tyborski, Mihail Caraman, Petru Gaşin, Marin Rusu, Jennifer Drayton, Russell Geisthardt, John Raguse, James R. Sites, S. L. Rugen-Hankey, V. Barrioz, A. J. Clayton, G. Kartopu, S. J. C. Irvine, C. White, G. Rutterford, G. Foster-Turner, A. G. Taboada, T. Kreiliger, C. V. Falub, M. Richter, F. Isa, E. Müller, E. Uccelli, P. Niedermann, A. Neels, G. Isella, J. Fompeyrine, A. Dommann, H. von Känel, Edward Yi Chang, Hai-Dang Trinh, Yueh-Chin Lin, Hiroshi Iwai, Yen-Ku Lin, Chiao-Yun Chang, Huei-Min Huang, Yu-Pin Lan, Tien-Chang Lu, Hao-Chung Kuo, Shing-Chung Wang, Li-Wei Tu, Wen-Feng Hsieh, Michael A. Mastro, Neeraj Nepal, Fritz Kub, Jennifer K. Hite, Jihyun Kim, Charles R. Eddy, D. Montenegro, V. Hortelano, O. Martínez, M. C. Martínez-Tomas, V. Sallet, V. Muñoz, J. Jiménez, Justin R. Brandt, Rosario A. Gerhardt, Lin Cheng, Michael J. O'Loughlin, Alexander V. Suvorov, Edward R. Van Brunt, Albert A. Burk, Anant K. Agarwal, John W. Palmour, Nitin Goyal, Tor A. Fjeldly, E. A. Armour, D. Byrnes, R. A. Arif, S. M. Lee, E. A. Berkman, G. D. Papasouliotis, C. Li, E. B. Stokes, R. Hefti, P. Moyer, Jun Ma, Liancheng Wang, Zhiqiang Liu, Guodong Yuan, Xiaoli Ji, P